(As ambient temperature, we used records of local temperature (°C) obtained from an automatic climate tower located at Zackenberg, in the centre of the Wollaston Forland region (Explanatory variables used in the generalized additive models.Topographic variables (i.e. To access this item, please sign in to your personal account. Neither BioOne nor the owners and publishers of the content make, and they explicitly disclaim, any express or implied representations or warranties of any kind, including, without limitation, representations and warranties as to the functionality of the translation feature or the accuracy or completeness of the translations. The fix rate of the collars was high and GPS locations were acquired > 99% of the time for all collars. Landscapes exhibiting wave-like patterns of green-up facilitated surfing and explained the existence of migratory behavior across 61 populations of four ungulate species on two continents (n = 1,696 individuals). Based on field measurements from Zackenberg (Environmental conditions were linked to each individual muskox based on the GPS coordinates (in case of topographic and land cover variables) or the date—time stamp of the GPS coordinates (in case of temperature). ‘Increasing light’ corresponds roughly to spring, ‘Light’ to summer, ‘Increasing darkness’ to autumn and ‘Darkness’ to winter.The muskox is the only large herbivore found in northeast Greenland.
The utilization of these highly productive areas, dominated by graminoids (Main effect of temperature on movement and activity patterns of female muskoxen in high-arctic Greenland. Landscapes exhibiting wave-like patterns of green-up facilitated surfing and explained the existence of migratory behavior across 61 populations of four ungulate species … Muskoxen are mostly found in mixed-sex groups (We thank Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Programme for access to ecosystem data. 2016). Hence, while reindeer rely on continuous supply of forage even in winter (Summary of the mixed-effects generalized additive models predicting variability in muskox movement and activity patterns for each season. Location data are broken down into four periods according to the light regime.Analyses of the net squared displacement of female muskoxen in high-arctic Greenland during a full year. Panels show the mean (and 95% confidence intervals) predicted level of speed, linearity and activity for each season. You have requested a machine translation of selected content from our databases. 2011, Börger and Fryxell 2012, Cagnacci et al. 15 Feb. 2010. NSD is often used in ungulate space-use studies to identify the yearly movement behaviour used by individuals, and to classify these as either residency, dispersal, nomadic, migratory, or mixed behaviour (sensu Bunnefeld et al. Cetaceans are also even-toed ungulates although they do not have hooves. Two successive GPS locations are needed to calculate speed and three successive GPS locations are needed to calculate turning angles. There has been reduction of toes from the common ancestor, with the classic example being horses with their single hooves. Predictions were made while keeping other variables in the models constant at their mean value.Seasonal variation in the proportional use of different land cover types by female muskoxen in high-arctic Greenland.Compared to reindeer, muskoxen exhibit a completely different movement pattern, particularly in winter, most likely reflecting the degree to which the two species rely on energy acquisition or energy reserves in winter.
Hence, muskoxen seemingly avoid thermal stress when exposed to very low winter temperatures by moving faster but apparently while foraging. Outside the periods of continuous light or darkness, muskox movement activity exhibited a bimodal pattern, a phenomenon wellknown under day/night periodicity (High forage intake in summer and autumn also aids preparing the essential rumen microflora for the upcoming period of hypophagia (The present study has provided the first year-round, highresolution location data for muskoxen in the high-arctic. Ungulata is a clade (or in some taxonomies, a grand order) of mammals. Panels show the mean (and 95% confidence intervals) predicted level of speed, linearity and activity for each season. Then the cow was given an antidote intramuscularly consisting of 50 mg Naltrexon (Trexonil 50 mg mlDuring the period of GPS collaring, tagged muskox cows were observed moving between groups on several occasions, indicating that group cohesion was low.After approximately one year of data collection (30 September 2014), the location data were downloaded for processing. The total weight of the collar was approximately 1.2 kg, corresponding to less than 1% of the muskox cow body mass (Before release, the cow was weighed using a carrying tarpaulin (Daninject, Børkop) and eight standard luggage scales (Korona, max 50 kg, Hans Dinslage GmbH, Germany). Translations are not retained in our system. Registered users receive a variety of benefits including the ability to customize email alerts, create favorite journals list, and save searches. The relative variable importance (Imp.) The two orders of ungulates were the There is now some dispute as to whether this smaller Ungulata is a Below is a simplified taxonomy (assuming that ungulates do indeed form a natural grouping) with the extant families, in order of the relationships. Ungulates are members of a diverse clade of primarily large mammals with hooves. hours of the day and seasonally) and GAMMs provide a suitable framework to model such changes in behaviour because explanatory variables with expected non-linear effects, can be fitted as parametric or non-parametric smoothing terms (Upon filtering, a total of 97 089 locations were available for modelling the movement patterns of the 14 muskox cows during the first year following collar deployment.