Bertrand thus commanded his country’s army during the Hundred Years’ War with England (1337-1453 CE). But when it comes to the martial ambit, much like the Spartan agoge, there was a process to becoming a medieval knight. Knighted in 1166 CE, Sir William earned a fortune through his victories on the medieval tournament circuit, enjoying 16 undefeated years and over 500 captures. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Sir Lancelot was a great knight but, if chivalry is an essential part of knighthood, then his infidelity with Guinevere and betrayal of King Arthur precludes him. Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (1043-1099 CE), better known as El Cid, from the Arabic assid, meaning ‘lord’, was a famed Spanish knight and general, so famous even his sword had a name: Tizona. Sir James Douglas (c. 1286-1330 CE) was a Scottish knight whose dark complexion gave rise to his nickname ‘the Black Douglas’ by the English, while the Scots, naturally, were more appreciative of their hero and nicknamed him ‘Good Sir James’. Sir Galahad was, besides being a brilliant jouster who defeated all comers (except his father), humble, innocent, and pure. And the charter of Magna Carta in 1215 AD rather momentously magnified the ‘rights’ of such high-ranking nobles, who could now bargain their way into furnishing reduced quotas or at least inflated quotas (that even included countesses). The knights of medieval Europe were meant to be the finest fighting men of their age, even more important, they were expected to be pure in thought and deed, as exemplified in the chivalrous code which they (usually) followed. RealmofHistory(C)2019. In 1307 CE James famously captured Douglas Castle, which had once been his own family’s but was lost thanks to the English king Edward I giving it to one of his loyal nobles. Sources: Medieval-Life-and-Times / TheMiddleAges / MetMuseum / Medieval-Spell, Book References: English Medieval Knight 1200-1300 (By Christopher Gravett) / Nobles, Knights and Men-at-Arms in the Middle Ages (By Maurice Keen) / Knight the Warrior and World of Chivalry (By Robert Jones), Featured Image Illustration by dmavromatis (DeviantArt). Sir James raided incessantly northern England in the following years, his most famous victim being Robert Neville of Middleham in 1318 CE, known disparagingly as ‘the Peacock of the North’ by the Scots. The latter part was adopted through various games and competitions that encouraged the boy to take up arms and maneuver them. Shortly after his death, his eventful life was commemorated in the Chronique de Bertrand du Guesclin by the celebrated French poet Cuvelier. Here are the Best Medieval films ever, in my humble opinion. These wicker shields—of various sizes—continued in use in Ulster even so late as the sixteenth century, and in the Highlands of Scotland till 200 years ago. The feudal system brought to England by the Normans essentially alluded to a simple enough scope where magnates and lords received lands from the king in return for military service. Such ‘flaunting’ measures were mirrored by the various customs adopted by the English knights and lords. In many cases, it was found that English knights largely instigated plundering and looting after battles – actions that were against chivalric traditions. Other knightly traditions went beyond battlefields to include positive social customs, like never giving evil counsel to a lady and treating her with respect. Sir William managed to evade capture by the English King Edward I (1272-1307 CE) until 1305 CE. Find out about the Gallowglass, the medieval Irish equivalent to the Samurai warrior, Angus Og MacDonald, Lord of the Isles my 18th gg. The saint thus became, and still remains, a popular figure all over Europe: the first ever secular knight’s order was dedicated to him in Hungary in 1326 CE, he is the patron saint of many countries including England, Greece, and Russia, and the patron of several major cities, including Moscow and Beirut. A unique military arrangement in 13th century England led to the employment and formation of mercenary companies that were counted among the ‘complementary’ units that formed the royal detachments.

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